Sea urchins mediate the availability of kelp detritus to benthic consumers
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Sea urchins, El Ninos, and the long term stability of Southern California kelp forest communities
Southern California kelp forests experienced major losses during the El Nino of 1957-1959. The proximal reason for the decline was ascribed to sea urchin grazing, and the eventual recovery of some forests followed sea urchin control efforts, kelp restoration, and improvements In sewage disposal practices. The very strong El Nirio of 1982-84 allowed us to reexamine hypotheses regarding the inter...
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The massive die-off of the long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, a significant reef grazer, in the mid 1980s was followed by phase shifts from coral dominated to macroalgae dominated reefs in the Caribbean. While Diadema populations have recovered in some reefs with concomitant increases in coral cover, the additional threat of increasing temperatures due to global climate change has not ...
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cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
سال: 2019
ISSN: 0962-8452,1471-2954
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0846